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Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren stockpile millions more than 2020 rivals

By BRIAN SLODYSKO Associated Press
WASHINGTON (AP) — Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren don’t just lead the Democratic presidential primary in fundraising. They’ve stockpiled millions more than their rivals, including former Vice President Joe Biden, who burned through money at a fast clip over the past three months while posting an anemic fundraising haul.

Sanders held $33.7 million cash on hand on his third-quarter fundraising report. Warren had $25.7 million during the same period, while South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg came next $23.3 million.

Biden, meanwhile, held just $8.9 million, a small fraction of what his leading rivals have at their disposal.

With the first votes of the Democratic contest just months away, the candidates are entering a critical and expensive period when having an ample supply of cash can make or break a campaign. Biden’s total raises questions about his durability as a front-runner.
“Can he do better at fundraising? Absolutely. And I think he will,” said Biden donor and fundraiser Steve Westly.

While many contenders in the crowded field will be triaging resources and making difficult spending decisions in the coming months, the advantage enjoyed by the Vermont and Massachusetts senators means they will have the luxury of spending when and where they want. That will allow them to buy large amounts of advertising, respond to attacks and boost their ground games in early voting states like Iowa, New Hampshire and South Carolina.

“If you are sitting at fourth, fifth or even seventh place and you don’t have the money to have a real paid media campaign, the future for you is probably pretty bleak. You will get drowned out by the rest of the noise,” said Grant Woodard, a Des Moines attorney who is a veteran of John Kerry’s and Hillary Clinton’s Iowa campaigns. “It’s still a fluid race. But to be competitive in this thing you are going to have to be on TV, digital and you are going to have to be on direct mail. The fundamentals still matter.”

Biden has built a formidable campaign, but it’s come at a cost. The $17.6 million he spent over the past three months was more than the $15.7 million he took in, according to his fundraising figures that were submitted to the Federal Election Commission on Tuesday’s reporting deadline.

Despite his lackluster totals, he still remains a favored candidate in recent public opinion polls, along with Warren. And in recent weeks, both Biden and his wife, Jill, have kept up a busier fundraising schedule.

“People focused on the minutia and the details,” said Westly, a Silicon Valley venture capitalist. “The reality is this is quickly boiling down to a two-person race — and that’s between Joe Biden and Elizabeth Warren.”

Still, Biden is not alone in the sprawling field.

California Sen. Kamala Harris had $10.5 million cash on hand but deferred paying consultants including her pollster nearly $1 million, records show. New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker held $4.2 million, disclosures show.

And the situation was far more dismal for others. Former Obama housing secretary Julián Castro had just $672,000 cash on hand, while Ohio Rep. Tim Ryan had even less, $158,000, records show.

The advantage Warren and Sanders have was evident in the way they have been able to spend.

Sanders’ $21.5 million in spending between July and the end of September topped the list. It enabled him to spend $3.8 million on advertising and online fundraising, drop nearly $1 million on campaign merchandise and pay his staff a combined $5.6 million, records show.
Warren’s $18.6 million in spending during that period allowed her to fund a sprawling staff operation that includes well over 500 people on the payroll, in addition to financing a more than $3.2 million digital operation, records show.

Buttigieg, too, has hired roughly 100 staffers in Iowa, where his campaign is betting on a strong performance.

But just because they have a massive cash advantage doesn’t mean the other candidates are doomed. Even though time is running out, candidates could still see their financial picture improve, particularly if they have a viral online moment to boost their online fundraising.

“The question is: Do you have enough money to run a strong campaign? North of $5 million and you have the ability to get through the fourth quarter,” said Democratic donor and Wall Street financier Robert Wolf, who was an economic adviser to Barack Obama.

The post Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren stockpile millions more than 2020 rivals appeared first on theGrio.



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Gina Rodriguez apologizes after posting video singing n-word

Is Gina Rodriguez ready or not to be cancelled after Black Twitter tore into the actress for spitting the n-word while singing a Fugees song?

READ MORE: ‘Habitual Hater’ Gina Rodriguez is the Latina friend you DON’T want speaking up for you

Rodriguez who has made problematic comments in the past, has issued an apology after getting blasted by the internet for singing Lauryn Hill’s lyrics on the “Ready or Not” song by the Fugees, that included the n-word, PEOPLE reports.

For whatever reason, the Jane the Virgin star decided to post herself singing the song on her Instagram Story and it definitely didn’t go over well. People called her out for easily using the offensive term which has negative connotations and hurled by non-white people to insult people of color. On the other spectrum, Black folks and especially rappers use it as a term of endearment.

But if you’re not Black, don’t even dare.

“Hey, what’s up everybody — I just wanted to reach out and apologize,” she said. “I am sorry. I am sorry if I offended anyone by singing along to the Fugees, to a song that I love, that I grew up on. I love Lauryn Hill. And I really am sorry if I offended you.”

Rodriguez got ripped Instagram and said it was a “humiliating” hard lesson learned.

After re-watching the video she said she it “has shaken me to my core.”

 

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“In song or in real life, the words that I spoke, should not have been spoken,” Rodriguez said. “I thoughtlessly sang along to the lyrics of a favorite song, and even worse, I posted it. The word I sang, carries with it a legacy of hurt and pain that I cannot even imagine.”

“Whatever consequences I face for my actions today, none will be more hurtful than the personal remorse I feel,” she continued. “It is humiliating that this has to be a public lesson but it is indeed a much-deserved lesson.”

READ MORE: Gina Rodriguez tearfully breaks down on ‘Sway in the Morning’

Rodriguez, 35, also apologized for hurting the “community of color.”

“I feel so deeply protective and responsible to the community of color but I have let this community down,” she wrote. “I have some serious learning and growing to do and I am so deeply sorry for the pain I have caused.”

Rodriguez can’t seem to stop stumbling over her own lips.

Last year she got folks upset when she insulted Black folks after a roundtable discussion she took part in with fellow TV actresses Ellen PompeoGabrielle Union, and Emma Roberts was posted on YouTube.

“I get so petrified in this space talking about equal pay, especially when you look at the intersectional aspect of it, right? Where white women get paid more than black women, black women get paid more than Asian women, Asian women get paid more than Latina women, and it’s like a very scary space to step into,” she said at the time.

READ MORE: OPINION: Gina Rodriguez STILL doesn’t get why we’re mad, cries over anti-Black accusations

According to Forbes, the highest paid actress of 2018 was Sofia Vergera, who is very decidedly Latina.

Then she criticized the movie Black Panther for not showcasing Latina women when Afro-Latina actresses like Tessa Thompson and Zoe Saldana are a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

On Tuesday, journalist Ernest Owens tweeted: “Black women BEEN telling y’all Gina Rodriguez was an anti-Black problem. Shouldn’t have taken her to say the n-word before y’all woke up. But go off.”

The post Gina Rodriguez apologizes after posting video singing n-word appeared first on theGrio.



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Ahmad Benali: Libya captain wants stability on and off the pitch

Libya captain Ahmad Benali hopes to see a period of calm for the national team but says the safety of people in his homeland is more important than qualifying for major tournaments.

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Corporate America's Second War With the Rule of Law

Opinion: Uber, Facebook, and Google are increasingly behaving like the law-flouting financial empires of the 1920s. We know how that turned out.

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Archaeologists Found the World’s Oldest Leftovers

Unearthed Tupperware from the Stone Age shows that humans had “doggy bags” before we had dogs.

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Singer Keke Wyatt announcing her tenth baby, first with new husband

Singer Keke Wyatt obviously loves the kids because the songstress is expecting her 10th baby!

READ MORE: Keep It Classy: Diddy responds to Cassie’s pregnancy announcement

The 37-year-old got a lot of talk about and will chronicle her life on a new YouTube series called The Keke Show. If you’ve been following her life then you already know it’s chock full of ups and downs that includes an uncertain singing career, several tumultuous marriages, a boat-load of kids, and a child who had a bout with cancer.

And now here comes baby!

On Monday Wyatt took to Instagram to share her joy: “My husband Zackariah Darring and I are so happy to announce that we are expecting our new bundle of joy!”

“We are excited to welcome the 10th addition to our beautiful family,” she continued.

READ MORE: ‘Kardashians’ co-reality star Malika Haqq expecting baby with rapper O.T. Genasis

She also announced the new show.

“Stay tuned for the release date & information for my new YouTube Series “The Keke Show” where you will see me balancing Wife, Mommy and Artist!!! Trust me.. it’s never a dull moment with my family. Love ya sugars,” Wyatt concluded.

Wyatt flossed her bulging belly on the gram’ with pics from her maternity photo-shoot.

We’re happy she’s using the gram for good because if you recall, back in 2017 she and her broken heart took to Instagram to air out all her dirty laundry and out her then husband on blast.

In an emotional video, Wyatt said that her then husband, Michael Ford, wanted out of their marriage.

The singer, who was eight months pregnant with her ninth child, said her husband has started to tell other women the couple would get a divorce.

Ford, who has been facing allegations that he has been unfaithful to Wyatt, apparently told Wyatt that he wanted to leave her because she didn’t trust him.

But when one door closes, Zackariah Darring knocks and another opens.

READ MORE: Real Housewives of Atlanta’s Eva Marcille gives birth to baby boy

Wyatt married Darring in 2018 after her marriage with Ford ended.

As far as motherhood, Wyatt thinks it’s one of her many talents.

“That’s one of my many gifts [and] talents. It can be difficult, but when you love something and are passionate about it, it’s not really that hard,” she told The Christian Post in 2017.

May the force be with Keke and her womb!

The post Singer Keke Wyatt announcing her tenth baby, first with new husband appeared first on theGrio.



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MeToo leader launches new hashtag to mobilize voters

By ERRIN HAINES AP National Writer
The founder of #MeToo is using the second anniversary of the movement to launch a new effort intended to mobilize voters heading into the 2020 election.

The new hashtag #MeTooVoter was unveiled Tuesday, on the same day as the fourth Democratic presidential debate and reflects a frustration among activists that issues of sexual violence and harassment have largely been absent from the debate stage and campaign trail.

“You can’t have 12 million people respond to a hashtag in this country and they not be constituents, taxpayers, and voters,” #MeToo founder Tarana Burke said in an interview with The Associated Press. “We need these candidates to see us as a power base. So many people engage with survivors from a place of pity.”

A record number of women are running in the 2020 Democratic field, and women will be a pivotal bloc in both the primary and the general election. Still, women are too often treated like a special interest group rather than the majority of the American electorate, said Ai-jen Poo, director of the National Domestic Workers Alliance, which is partnering with #MeToo on voter education, mobilization and turnout efforts over the next year.

“The whole point of #MeTooVoter is to say that survivors are a huge political force and incredibly motivated in this moment,” Poo said. “We’re going to be calling on anyone who’s serious about governing and leading this country forward to actually answer for how they’re going to make this country more safe.”

Burke said that nearly a year into the Democratic primary, none of the 2020 hopefuls has spoken to her as they have shaped their presidential platforms, which she said points to a lack of urgency even amid a climate of increased awareness around the issue. She hopes #MeTooVoter will prompt debate moderators to ask a question about sexual violence at the next debate, but does not expect the topic to come up on Tuesday.

Whether #MeToo makes the debate stage or not, Burke said she is considering a town hall around the issue to hear more fully from candidates about their stances.

It was on the one-year anniversary of when #MeToo became a viral hashtag that Burke was still reeling from the confirmation of Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh , whose nomination hearing focused largely on allegations of sexual assault when he was a teenager.

The hearing, watched by millions and seen as a major turning point in the MeToo movement, was seen by some women as a setback to efforts to hold men accountable for sexual violence. For Burke, the moment was a turning point.

“It was the first time we saw survivors en masse come out and put their bodies on the line for this issue,” said Burke. “It was the moment I realized we had to form as an organization. People are willing to stand up, march, talk, come out in the rain. People are ready for this moment.”

Supermajority co-founder Cecile Richards said the issue of sexual violence is something the organization, which is a #MeTooVoter partner, has identified as an election-year priority among women.

“Any candidate who wants the support of women, I hope understands the importance of speaking to the issues that are on the minds of millions of voters in this country,” Richards said. “Women don’t feel safe in America. There’s been very little conversation about this, and that’s unacceptable.”
_____
Follow Errin Haines on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/emarvelous.

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Will Smith is Developing a “Fresh Prince of Bel-Air” Spinoff

“Now, this is a story all about how my life got flipped-turned upside down, and I’d like to take a minute just sit right there, I’ll tell you how I became the prince of a town called Bel-Air.”

We all may be singing that song once again! According to The Hollywood Reporter, Will Smith and his company, Westbrook Media, is developing a spinoff for his successful television show, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.

Originally airing on NBC in 1990, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air ended its run in 1996. The premise is loosely based on the real-life story of the show’s producer Benny Medina. The sitcom was responsible for Smith’s meteoric rise to stardom after being a rapper in the Grammy-winning rap duo DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince back in the late 1980s. According to Complex, he recently launched his own limited edition Bel-Air Athletics Collection.


Smith’s latest movie, Gemini Man, was released October 11. In it, he plays assassin Henry Brogan, who is being hunted by an assassin named Junior (also played by Smith), a younger version of Brogan who can predict his every move. In an interview with Collider, Smith spoke about how he makes decisions for his future.

“More than ever, I’m seeing my role in the world as a role of service. In my younger days, it was ambition. I wanted to win. I wanted to put points on the board. Now, I’m growing into a position in my life where the main question that I ask myself before I do anything is, ‘How is this of service to the human family?’ So, with that prism, I’ll be making more and more decisions in my life. I love science fiction. I love filmmaking. Everything that I do is conscious and thought out, in some justifiable service to the human family.”

Led by CEO Brad Haugen and the creative and strategic direction of Lukas Kaiser and Sadao Turner, Westbrook Media is responsible for Will Smith’s popular launch into social media; the social channels for Smith’s wife, actress Jada Pinkett Smith; Pinkett Smith’s talk show, Red Table Talk, JUST Water, son Jaden Smith’s sustainable and responsibly sourced water brand; and, most recently, the social campaign surrounding Disney’s recently released hit, Aladdin, which starred Smith as Genie.



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Aaron Dean refused to talk to detectives after killing Atatiana Jefferson

At just 8-years-old, the life of Atatiana Jefferson’s nephew has been thrown into a whirlwind after he witnessed his aunt get gunned down right in front of him.

READ MORE: Atatiana Jefferson’s nephew said she picked up her gun to protect them

Likely traumatized from the unthinkable event, Jefferson’s nephew has had to recount that story to police over the last few days. The grammar school student has had to recall the tragic moment when he saw his aunt’s body hit the bedroom floor, and give account of how she laid dying with blood oozing, after a bullet pierced a bedroom window from the gun of former Fort Worth police officer, Aaron Dean.

As for Dean, he has not. He abruptly quit the force after killing Jefferson, made bond after being charged with her murder, and unlike an 8-year-old child who has had to man-up and speak up, Dean refuses to cooperate and speak with detectives about the case, CNN reports.

What we know from Dean’s attorney Jim Lane is that the trigger-happy cop says he’s “sorry.” But the Fort Worth attorney declined to talk about the case, reports say.

Jefferson’s nephew gave his account of his aunt’s last moments. According to the boy, the two were up late Saturday and hanging out in a bedroom playing video games.

Jefferson reportedly heard noises in her backyard. Her nephew recalled that it was so concerning for her that she grabbed her gun from out of her purse to defend herself, and “pointed it toward a window.”

READ MORE: 5 things to know about police shooting victim Atatiana Jefferson

Dean was reportedly answering a welfare call to check on the family.

As The Grio previously reported, interim chief of Fort Worth police Ed Kraus believes it was the homeowner’s right and defends the decision that ultimately cost Jefferson her life.

“It’s only appropriate that Ms. Jefferson would have a gun,” Kraus said at a news conference Tuesday, the Dallas Morning News reported.

Kraus contends that it “makes sense” that Jefferson was armed.

“When you think there’s someone prowling around in the back at 2:00 a.m. in the morning, you may need to arm yourself. That person could have a gun.”

Kraus confirmed that Dean hasn’t talked to investigators.

“I cannot tell you what he felt. He did not give a statement,” Kraus said Tuesday.

The post Aaron Dean refused to talk to detectives after killing Atatiana Jefferson appeared first on theGrio.



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Facebook Portal (2019) Review: Mixed Feelings

In many ways, I like the Portal. But it’s difficult to separate this family of devices from the social network that makes them.

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Atatiana Jefferson’s nephew said she picked up her gun to protect them

Atatiana Jefferson’s 8-year-old nephew told authorities that moments before she was shot and killed by former Fort Worth Texas police officer Aaron Dean, she grabbed her gun to defend herself and pointed it toward a window because she heard a noise outside.

READ MORE: 5 things to know about police shooting victim Atatiana Jefferson

Interim chief of Fort Worth police Ed Kraus believes it was the homeowner’s right, and defends the decision that ultimately cost Jefferson her life.

“It’s only appropriate that Ms. Jefferson would have a gun,” Kraus said at a news conference Tuesday, the Dallas Morning News reported.

Kraus contends that it “makes sense” that Jefferson was armed.

“When you think there’s someone prowling around in the back at 2:00 a.m. in the morning, you may need to arm yourself. That person could have a gun.”

Police spoke to Jefferson’s nephew who was an eyewitness to the killing. Jefferson was playing video games with her nephew in the wee hours of the morning. The boy told authorities he and his aunt were together in a room playing about 2:30 a.m., Saturday morning.

According to the boy, after Jefferson heard noises outside of her East Allen Avenue home, she took a gun from her purse and headed towards a window.

READ MORE: Former police officer Aaron Dean, who killed Atatiana Jefferson, out of jail on $200K bond

Jefferson, 28, pointed it “toward the window” and was shot and killed, the nephew said, according to the arrest-warrant affidavit.

The nephew watched as his aunt fell to the ground. She was pronounced dead at 3:05 a.m.

It “makes sense that she would have a gun if she felt that she was being threatened or there was someone in the backyard,” Kraus said.

Lee Merritt, the attorney for Jefferson’s family shared that sentiment that the victim was within her right to bear arms.

“It’s only appropriate that Ms. Jefferson would have a gun,” Merritt said.

“When you think there’s someone prowling around in the back at 2 in the morning, you may need to arm yourself. That person could have a gun.” Merritt said Jefferson also had a license to legally carry the firearm.

Merritt is concerned that the Fort Worth police are forming a narrative to give Dean a justification for the shooting by saying Jefferson pointed the gun toward a window.

“Suddenly, they’re building the defense in the arrest warrant itself for the officer, alleging that Atatiana pointed a weapon out of the window,” the lawyer said.

Merritt also noted that the warrant fails to mention that Jefferson pointed a gun toward a window, if that’s the case. He says Dean’s partner could only see the woman’s face before Dean fired the fatal shot.

Adarius Carr, Jefferson’s brother says the family wants justice and accountability from the Fort Worth police force.

“This rookie cop is not going to be the scapegoat for what happened. Yes, he’s going to take his punishment, but the system failed him,” he said. “Whoever sent him out failed him. The training failed him. There’s a lot that has to get fixed. The city failed him.”

Fort Worth Mayor Betsy Price defended Jefferson and dismissed the gun narrative.

READ MORE: Texas officer charged with Atatiana Jefferson’s murder, resigns after shooting

“She was in her own home,” the mayor said about Jefferson. “She was taken from her family in circumstances that are truly unthinkable.”

Dean was charged with murder after fatally shooting Jefferson on Saturday. He is out of jail on a $200,000 bond.

Dean has since resigned from the department following the national outcry from the victim’s family and activists who marched and demanded transparency and his immediate firing. But before Interim Fort Worth Police Chief Ed Kraus could fire Dean, he quit.

Dean’s attorney, Jim Lane, told KXAS-TV (NBC5) that his client is “sorry.”

This is a developing story.

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Tired of Jetlag? The App Timeshifter Will Help Reset Your Clock

Timeshifter cribs NASA-backed science to help you recalibrate your biorhythms after switching time zones.

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The Quiet, Intentional Fires of Northern California

How the Yurok nation and other indigenous communities use low-intensity burns to shape the landscape and the species that live there.

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The Death of Cars Was Greatly Exaggerated

The founders of Uber and Lyft, among others, declared that people would no longer need to own cars. Instead, car ownership is rising. 

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Egypt archaeologists find 20 ancient coffins near Luxor

The coffins, whose decorations are still visible, were uncovered at a Theban necropolis near Luxor.

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Eating insects: Testing out the delicacy in DR Congo

Insects can be an eco-friendly alternative to meat and have long been part of DR Congo's cuisine.

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Deadly parasite 'jumped' from gorilla to humans

Discovery of mutation 50,000 years ago could help in the fight against malaria.

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Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Recovering “lost dimensions” of images and video

MIT researchers have developed a model that recovers valuable data lost from images and video that have been “collapsed” into lower dimensions.

The model could be used to recreate video from motion-blurred images, or from new types of cameras that capture a person’s movement around corners but only as vague one-dimensional lines. While more testing is needed, the researchers think this approach could someday could be used to convert 2D medical images into more informative — but more expensive — 3D body scans, which could benefit medical imaging in poorer nations.

“In all these cases, the visual data has one dimension — in time or space — that’s completely lost,” says Guha Balakrishnan, a postdoc in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and first author on a paper describing the model, which is being presented at next week’s International Conference on Computer Vision. “If we recover that lost dimension, it can have a lot of important applications.”

Captured visual data often collapses data of multiple dimensions of time and space into one or two dimensions, called “projections.” X-rays, for example, collapse three-dimensional data about anatomical structures into a flat image. Or, consider a long-exposure shot of stars moving across the sky: The stars, whose position is changing over time, appear as blurred streaks in the still shot.

Likewise, “corner cameras,” recently invented at MIT, detect moving people around corners. These could be useful for, say, firefighters finding people in burning buildings. But the cameras aren’t exactly user-friendly. Currently they only produce projections that resemble blurry, squiggly lines, corresponding to a person’s trajectory and speed.

The researchers invented a “visual deprojection” model that uses a neural network to “learn” patterns that match low-dimensional projections to their original high-dimensional images and videos. Given new projections, the model uses what it’s learned to recreate all the original data from a projection.

In experiments, the model synthesized accurate video frames showing people walking, by extracting information from single, one-dimensional lines similar to those produced by corner cameras. The model also recovered video frames from single, motion-blurred projections of digits moving around a screen, from the popular Moving MNIST dataset.

Joining Balakrishnan on the paper are: Amy Zhao, a graduate student in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and CSAIL; EECS professors John Guttag, Fredo Durand, and William T. Freeman; and Adrian Dalca, a faculty member in radiology at Harvard Medical School.

Clues in pixels

The work started as a “cool inversion problem” to recreate movement that causes motion blur in long-exposure photography, Balakrishnan says. In a projection’s pixels there exist some clues about the high-dimensional source.

Digital cameras capturing long-exposure shots, for instance, will basically aggregate photons over a period of time on each pixel. In capturing an object’s movement over time, the camera will take the average value of the movement-capturing pixels. Then, it applies those average values to corresponding heights and widths of a still image, which creates the signature blurry streaks of the object’s trajectory. By calculating some variations in pixel intensity, the movement can theoretically be recreated.

As the researchers realized, that problem is relevant in many areas: X-rays, for instance, capture height, width, and depth information of anatomical structures, but they use a similar pixel-averaging technique to collapse depth into a 2D image. Corner cameras — invented in 2017 by Freeman, Durand, and other researchers — capture reflected light signals around a hidden scene that carry two-dimensional information about a person’s distance from walls and objects. The pixel-averaging technique then collapses that data into a one-dimensional video — basically, measurements of different lengths over time in a single line.  

The researchers built a general model, based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) — a machine-learning model that’s become a powerhouse for image-processing tasks — that captures clues about any lost dimension in averaged pixels.

Synthesizing signals

In training, the researchers fed the CNN thousands of pairs of projections and their high-dimensional sources, called “signals.” The CNN learns pixel patterns in the projections that match those in the signals. Powering the CNN is a framework called a “variational autoencoder,” which evaluates how well the CNN outputs match its inputs across some statistical probability. From that, the model learns a “space” of all possible signals that could have produced a given projection. This creates, in essence, a type of blueprint for how to go from a projection to all possible matching signals.

When shown previously unseen projections, the model notes the pixel patterns and follows the blueprints to all possible signals that could have produced that projection. Then, it synthesizes new images that combine all data from the projection and all data from the signal. This recreates the high-dimensional signal.

For one experiment, the researchers collected a dataset of 35 videos of 30 people walking in a specified area. They collapsed all frames into projections that they used to train and test the model. From a hold-out set of six unseen projections, the model accurately recreated 24 frames of the person’s gait, down to the position of their legs and the person’s size as they walked toward or away from the camera. The model seems to learn, for instance, that pixels that get darker and wider with time likely correspond to a person walking closer to the camera.

“It’s almost like magic that we’re able to recover this detail,” Balakrishnan says.

The researchers didn’t test their model on medical images. But they are now collaborating with Cornell University colleagues to recover 3D anatomical information from 2D medical images, such as X-rays, with no added costs — which can enable more detailed medical imaging in poorer nations. Doctors mostly prefer 3D scans, such as those captured with CT scans, because they contain far more useful medical information. But CT scans are generally difficult and expensive to acquire.

“If we can convert X-rays to CT scans, that would be somewhat game-changing,” Balakrishnan says. “You could just take an X-ray and push it through our algorithm and see all the lost information.”



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Assembler robots make large structures from little pieces

Today’s commercial aircraft are typically manufactured in sections, often in different locations — wings at one factory, fuselage sections at another, tail components somewhere else — and then flown to a central plant in huge cargo planes for final assembly.

But what if the final assembly was the only assembly, with the whole plane built out of a large array of tiny identical pieces, all put together by an army of tiny robots?

That’s the vision that graduate student Benjamin Jenett, working with Professor Neil Gershenfeld in MIT’s Center for Bits and Atoms (CBA), has been pursuing as his doctoral thesis work. It’s now reached the point that prototype versions of such robots can assemble small structures and even work together as a team to build up a larger assemblies.

The new work appears in the October issue of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, in a paper by Jenett, Gershenfeld, fellow graduate student Amira Abdel-Rahman, and CBA alumnus Kenneth Cheung SM ’07, PhD ’12, who is now at NASA’s Ames Research Center, where he leads the ARMADAS project to design a lunar base that could be built with robotic assembly.

“This paper is a treat,” says Aaron Becker, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Houston, who was not associated with this work. “It combines top-notch mechanical design with jaw-dropping demonstrations, new robotic hardware, and a simulation suite with over 100,000 elements,” he says.

“What’s at the heart of this is a new kind of robotics, that we call relative robots,” Gershenfeld says. Historically, he explains, there have been two broad categories of robotics — ones made out of expensive custom components that are carefully optimized for particular applications such as factory assembly, and ones made from inexpensive mass-produced modules with much lower performance. The new robots, however, are an alternative to both. They’re much simpler than the former, while much more capable than the latter, and they have the potential to revolutionize the production of large-scale systems, from airplanes to bridges to entire buildings.

According to Gershenfeld, the key difference lies in the relationship between the robotic device and the materials that it is handling and manipulating. With these new kinds of robots, “you can’t separate the robot from the structure — they work together as a system,” he says. For example, while most mobile robots require highly precise navigation systems to keep track of their position, the new assembler robots only need to keep track of where they are in relation to the small subunits, called voxels, that they are currently working on. Every time the robot takes a step onto the next voxel, it readjusts its sense of position, always in relation to the specific components that it is standing on at the moment.

The underlying vision is that just as the most complex of images can be reproduced by using an array of pixels on a screen, virtually any physical object can be recreated as an array of smaller three-dimensional pieces, or voxels, which can themselves be made up of simple struts and nodes. The team has shown that these simple components can be arranged to distribute loads efficiently; they are largely made up of open space so that the overall weight of the structure is minimized. The units can be picked up and placed in position next to one another by the simple assemblers, and then fastened together using latching systems built into each voxel.

The robots themselves resemble a small arm, with two long segments that are hinged in the middle, and devices for clamping onto the voxel structures on each end. The simple devices move around like inchworms, advancing along a row of voxels by repeatedly opening and closing their V-shaped bodies to move from one to the next. Jenett has dubbed the little robots BILL-E (a nod to the movie robot WALL-E), which stands for Bipedal Isotropic Lattice Locomoting Explorer.

Computer simulation shows a group of four assembler robots at work on building a three-dimensional structure. Whole swarms of such robots could be unleashed to create large structures such as airplane wings or space habitats. Illustration courtesy of the researchers

Jenett has built several versions of the assemblers as proof-of-concept designs, along with corresponding voxel designs featuring latching mechanisms to easily attach or detach each one from its neighbors. He has used these prototypes to demonstrate the assembly of the blocks into linear, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional structures. “We’re not putting the precision in the robot; the precision comes from the structure” as it gradually takes shape, Jenett says. “That’s different from all other robots. It just needs to know where its next step is.”

As it works on assembling the pieces, each of the tiny robots can count its steps over the structure, says Gershenfeld, who is the director of CBA. Along with navigation, this lets the robots correct errors at each step, eliminating most of the complexity of typical robotic systems, he says. “It’s missing most of the usual control systems, but as long as it doesn’t miss a step, it knows where it is.” For practical assembly applications, swarms of such units could be working together to speed up the process, thanks to control software developed by Abdel-Rahman that can allow the robots to coordinate their work and avoid getting in each other’s way.

This kind of assembly of large structures from identical subunits using a simple robotic system, much like a child assembling a large castle out of LEGO blocks, has already attracted the interest of some major potential users, including NASA, MIT’s collaborator on this research, and the European aerospace company Airbus SE, which also helped to sponsor the study.

One advantage of such assembly is that repairs and maintenance can be handled easily by the same kind of robotic process as the initial assembly. Damaged sections can be disassembled from the structure and replaced with new ones, producing a structure that is just as robust as the original. “Unbuilding is as important as building,” Gershenfeld says, and this process can also be used to make modifications or improvements to the system over time.

“For a space station or a lunar habitat, these robots would live on the structure, continuously maintaining and repairing it,” says Jenett.

Ultimately, such systems could be used to construct entire buildings, especially in difficult environments such as in space, or on the moon or Mars, Gershenfeld says. This could eliminate the need to ship large preassembled structures all the way from Earth. Instead it could be possible to send large batches of the tiny subunits — or form them from local materials using systems that could crank out these subunits at their final destination point. “If you can make a jumbo jet, you can make a building,” Gershenfeld says.

Sandor Fekete, director of the Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks at the Technical University of Braunschweig, in Germany, who was not involved in this work, says “Ultralight, digital materials such as [these] open amazing perspectives for constructing efficient, complex, large-scale structures, which are of vital importance in aerospace applications.”

But assembling such systems is a challenge, says Fekete, who plans to join the research team for further development of the control systems. “This is where the use of small and simple robots promises to provide the next breakthrough: Robots don’t get tired or bored, and using many miniature robots seems like the only way to get this critical job done. This extremely original and clever work by Ben Jennet and collaborators makes a giant leap towards the construction of dynamically adjustable airplane wings, enormous solar sails or even reconfigurable space habitats.”

In the process, Gershenfeld says, “we feel like we’re uncovering a new field of hybrid material-robot systems.”



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Beyonce crowned SECOND most beautiful woman in the world according to ‘Golden Ratio’ equation

Supermodel Bella Hadid has been crowned the most beautiful woman in the world following scientific research into what constitutes the “perfect face,” and our queen Beyonce Knowles Carter is apparently a very close second.

According to The Daily Mail, the Golden Ratio of Beauty Phi – which is designed to measure physical perfection – determined that Hadid to be 94.35% “accurate” on a scale up to 100%.

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This was determined specifically because out everyone who was assessed her facial features and face shape came closest to the ancient Greeks’ idea of perfection. Singer Beyoncé who at 38 is 15 years the model’s senior, came in second with a score of 92.44%.

“Bella Hadid was the clear winner when all elements of the face were measured for physical perfection,” explained Dr De Silva, who runs the Centre For Advanced Facial Cosmetic And Plastic Surgery in London.

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“Beyoncé ran her a close second, scoring the highest marks for the shape of her face (99.6%) and getting very high scores for her eyes, brow area and lips,” he continued, noting, “These brand new computer mapping techniques allow us to solve some of the mysteries of what it is that makes someone physically beautiful and the technology is useful when planning patients’ surgery.”

Other notable mentions include actress Amber Heard who was third with 91.85% and pop star Ariana Grande who landed in fourth spot with 91.81%.

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As explained by the report, “The Golden Ratio of Beauty Phi originates from the European Renaissance. Artists and Architects used an equation – known as the Golden Ratio – as an aid during the creation of their masterpieces.

Scientists have since adapted the mathematical formula to explain what makes a person beautiful. The length and the width of someone’s face is measured and then the results are divided. According to the Golden Ratio, the ideal result is roughly 1.6.

Measurements are then taken from the forehead hairline to the spot between the eyes, from the spot between the eyes and the bottom of the nose and from the bottom of the nose to the bottom of the chin. A person is considered to be more beautiful if the numbers are equal.”

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