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Wednesday, June 3, 2020

Father-Daughter Property Management Franchise Team Know How to Keep Owners and Tenants Happy

Real Property Management Franchise Owners

In 2012, Billy Duncan retired from Dow Chemicals after a decades-long career. Going from his corporate career to retirement felt like going from 75 mph to 0 mph—and he hated it.

After six months, he knew it was time to embark on something new for his own well-being, but part of his motivation was to create generational wealth for his three adult daughters; all of whom were working in their chosen professions.

BLACK ENTERPRISE sat down with Duncan and his youngest daughter, Tayla, to learn more about their Real Property Management franchise in Zachary, Louisiana, how they’ve become so successful in six years, and why working with family makes their bond stronger.

Black Enterprise: How did you decide that property management was the right business to go with?

Billy Duncan: When I first started exploring options, I was pretty open to a number of sectors. I knew I wanted to go with a franchise because the thought of starting from scratch with no existing systems in place was too overwhelming. So, I worked with a Franchise Consultant and we looked at ten to fifteen franchises. When Real Property Management, a Neighborly company, was presented and I learned that the rental market was expected to grow steadily for the next 30 years, it rose to the top. It also didn’t require a major investment, which enabled me to leverage my 401(k) to purchase the business and not have to take out a loan.  Lastly, we already had a real estate investment company and it fit perfectly.

BE:  How did Tayla come aboard?

Billy Duncan:  After starting the business, I shared the opportunity with my daughters.  One was happy with her career, but I was thrilled when Tayla said she wanted to join me it was the cherry on top!

Tayla Duncan: I had recently graduated from Baylor University and started working at Dow Chemicals. When my father presented the idea, I was really happy to hear it. I enjoyed Dow, but I was excited to create a legacy.

Getting Started

Billy and Tayla Duncan
Billy and Tayla Duncan

Black Enterprise: How did you acquire your first property?

Billy: The first couple of properties were our own. But once we started utilizing Real Property Management’s marketing and advertising platform and tools, things took off. We began getting contracts with people that owned property here but were living overseas. Some of them had property managers they were unhappy with; others were relocating out of the country and needed a property management company.  And with an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau and 4.5/5.0 on Google, clients could see how reputable we were. Our role is to help property owners achieve their goals and ensure their tenants get a good experience.

What does a day in the life of a property management franchisee look like?

Billy: I concentrate on business development, focusing on growth and acquisition of new owners and new properties. The average tenancy is approximately 18 months, so in order to stay ahead of the churn, you have to maintain the relationships you have and build new ones. It’s not just about finding new clients, but also finding the right clients with the types of properties we want to manage. For us, it’s important that we feel good about the clients we bring on and that their properties meet our standards. But frankly, Tayla has the most challenging part of the businesses—the day-to-day operations.

Tayla:  Yes. I handle all of the behind the scenes work for the business, which includes managing all phases of the property management life cycle. Including leasing, rent collection, bookkeeping, inspection, and maintenance. While it seems straightforward, there are a lot of moving parts to manage, which makes it challenging.

Is your business where you expected it to be with six years under your belt, in terms of revenue and growth?

Billy:  It is! Currently, we manage over 200 residential properties. In addition to myself and Tayla, we have an office manager, property manager, leasing agent, handyman, accounting manager (my stepdaughter Veronica), and my wife Bessie is our finance manager. Once we reached 50 properties, we moved into a 1,700 sq ft suite and brought on the Office Manager. At 75 properties is when Tayla joined and we on-boarded the other resources as we continued to grow. As we continue to hit certain revenue thresholds, we will add on to the staff but keep the same property management structure. Meaning, hiring additional property managers, leasing agents, and handymen. Our goal is to capture 1% of our market—which is very achievable.

In terms of growth, I’m very happy with where we are, but it’s important to understand what your goals are.  When we started, I made a conscious decision about our model and structure. You can choose to reach profitability quicker with an owner-operated model because your overhead cost of salaries is lower. I wanted to run it more as an executive model so that I could be more strategic, which will naturally take longer to reach profitability because you’re managing a team. Reaching profitability quickly wasn’t as important to me as building a strong, sustainable business long term. As a result of that strategy, we’ve grown the business to the point now where we have been able to purchase land to build a new 4,400 sq ft office building, where we will occupy 3,000 sq ft, and lease out the remaining 1,400 sq ft.

Legacy

When you were profiled on Entreprenuer.com you talked about the importance of working with family and leaving a legacy.  How has it been running a family business?

Billy:  I’ve really enjoyed it. Like with all businesses, you have to be willing and ready to work hard.  But with family businesses you also have to be able to separate business and family life. I love Tayla, but when we enter the ring, she gets no passes.  My expectation is no different than if I had hired a stranger. If my mother worked for me but couldn’t do the job—she would get fired (laughing). You can’t let family slide because we’re competing with all other property management businesses. I’m probably a little harder on Tayla because I know her potential and we’re grooming her to be the leader of the business. In 3-5 years, I expect her to be in that corner, Executive office we’re building.

Tayla: I work really hard and am willing to put in the work. I’m able to separate business and family. I don’t take business personally and allow that to interfere with the business. I don’t expect any special treatment or favors. I want to be treated just like the rest of the team. Although my dad says he may be harder on me, I don’t feel that pressure. I think that speaks to his great management style.

What final piece of advice do you have for readers considering starting a franchise?

Billy:  Know your market, make sure you have a great product and enough capital to grow and sustain the business.



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Rep. Steve King, who has a history of racism, loses primary race

After nine terms in Congress, Iowa Republican Steve King is finally out of a job.

The controversial representative has a long history of racist remarks, including many last year, that resulted in his removal from all of his committee assignments.

READ MORE: Republican candidate denies saying Blacks are ‘political slaves’ to Dems

In a New York Times interview last January, King asked how “white nationalist, white supremacist, and Western civilization,” became offensive language. “Why did I sit in classes teaching me about the merits of our history and our civilization?” Ultimately, King tried to walk back the remarks saying that he “rejects” the labels of white nationalism and white supremacy, but his actions proved otherwise.

Steve King theGrio.com
U.S. Rep. Steve King (R-IA) listens during a press conference on abortion legislation on August 23, 2019, in Des Moines, Iowa. (Photo by Alex Wroblewski/Getty Images)

Iowans have chosen state senator, Randy Feenstra to be the Republican candidate for that House seat. “I called Randy Feenstra a little bit ago and conceded the race to him,” King said in a video on Facebook. He said that Feenstra is going to have a hard time pushing back against elements of “the swamp” in Washington.

“This comes from an effort to push out the strongest voice for full-spectrum, constitutional Christian conservatism that exists in the United States Congress,” King said in his Facebook post.

King represents the first major loss of a hardline Donald Trump supporter during this campaign season. He was an active advocate for the president’s immigration policies.

In a statement, Feenstra said, “I am truly humbled by the outpouring of support over the past 17 months that made tonight possible and I thank Congressman King for his decades of public service.”

READ MORE: Rising Black Republican running for Senate actually calls out Trump

Also a conservative, King said that his focus is to deliver results for the families and farmers of Iowa, as well as making sure that the seat “doesn’t land in the hands of Nancy Pelosi and her liberal allies in Congress.”

J.D. Scholten, a former professional baseball player, and paralegal, is slated to be on the ticket for Democrats in November. However, the seat is likely to remain Republican.

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George Floyd’s smiling daughter, 6, says ‘daddy changed the world’

George Floyd’s daughter, Gianna, sitting atop the shoulders of her “uncle” retired NBA star, Stephen Jackson, said, “Daddy changed the world.”

The endearing moment was captured on video and shared widely across social media including the Twitter of Bernice A. King, the youngest daughter of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

READ MORE: Jay-Z takes out full-page ads across the country in dedication to George Floyd

In response to King posting the video, a commenter said, “Nobody knows her burden and pride like you.”

In a statement, King, the CEO of The King Center, said she thinks about Gianna. “I was five years old when my father was killed by law enforcement. I know that pain, I know that void, I know the journey of anger. I know what people are feeling. I feel it.”

Yesterday, Gianna’s mother Roxie Washington, spoke during a press conference where she made an emotional plea for people to remember that Floyd was a good father.

“Gianna does not have a father,” she said, “He will never see her grow up, graduate. He will never walk her down the aisle. If there’s a problem she’s having and she needs a dad, she does not have that anymore.”

The Floyd family attorney, Chris Stewart, said that while there has been so much anger and violence in the streets, there is also beauty. “We really wanted the world to see the beauty of their child,” Stewart continued, “The beauty of Roxie who is holding up strong throughout this. And the actual situations in life that these things affect.”

Stewart said, “It’s not just that someone passes and people are angry in the streets,” emphasizing, “It affects people’s actual lives and their futures.”

READ MORE: George W. Bush on George Floyd death: ‘It is time for us to listen’

Washington said that she participated in the press conference because she wants justice for Floyd. “I want justice for him,” she said as she looked at her daughter, “No matter what anybody thinks, he was good. And this is the proof that he was a good man.”

The video was posted in full on Stephen Jackson’s Instagram page. The athlete has really stepped up and has promised to keep Floyd’s life lifted. Clearly, he is starting by lifting up and supporting “GiGi.”

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Black-owned Marijuana Store Robbed During Protests in What Owners Call a “Targeted Attack”

Pure Oasis, the first black-owned marijuana store to open in Massachusetts, was looted early Monday morning in what its owners are calling a “targeted attack.”

Co-owner Kobie Evans told the Boston Globe at least a dozen people entered Pure Oasis after someone broke through the window and opened the front door from the inside around 1:43 a.m.

Evans added that after reviewing security camera footage, they determined the looters ran off with about 2,000 pre-rolled joints and 2,000 pre-packaged containers of marijuana flower worth well over $100,000 at retail prices.

“They were deliberate. They purposefully came just to our shop,” Evans told the Globe. “They were able to get into a secure back room. They knew exactly where they were going.”

The incident did not faze the owners as they reopened Tuesday, although the store did have a boarded-up window. The owners appreciated the support of the local community as it continued to sell marijuana.

“We had a big outpouring of support from the community this morning,” Evans said. “They believe in us and want us around. We all know this wasn’t coming from the community. This was people going through the city and taking advantage of the situation.”

Evans added the irony of being a black owner of a marijuana store that employs people with prior drug convictions, and whose licensure was intended to help address the over-policing of African Americans and Latinos is not lost on him. Yet, the store was targeted amid protests against over-policing.

“Kevin [Hart] and I stand in solidarity with all the people protesting the injustice in Minneapolis and elsewhere,” Evans said. “In no way do we draw any connection between what happened to us and people protesting for a good cause. This is a somewhat isolated incident where a few people exploited the situation for personal gain because someone wanted a free pair of Jordans and some weed to go with it.”

Pure Oasis opened its doors for the first time in March. The store, based in Dorchester, has about 30 employees. Many media outlets have reported that right-wing organizations have been creating chaos and using the protests to loot and attack police to create a race war. In response to the civil unrest around the nation, President Trump has threatened to invoke the Insurrection Act.



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Everything You Need to Know Before Buying a Gaming PC

Pre-built gaming computers are more affordable and more powerful than ever. Before you shell out for one, here's some advice.

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New Report Shows Over 21,000 New COVID-19 Cases Recorded Amid Mass Protests

COVID-19

COVID-19, or the novel coronavirus, pandemic, has now killed over 100,000 Americans since the start of the spread with many cities around the country becoming overwhelmed by the growing number of patients with the virus. Despite the growing number of cases and the high risk of infection, many state governments were beginning to open back up to resume the economy. Recently, thousands took to the streets in protest over the recent viral video of a police officer suffocating an unarmed black man named George Floyd in Minneapolis. Now a new report is showing that the protests may be the cause of a second wave of the viral outbreak.

According to data collected by John Hopkins University, the U.S. has now accumulated more than 21,000 new COVID-19 cases as of Monday. While the number is slightly lower than the national average, experts are still concerned by the number of protesters out in the streets, many of them not wearing any face masks for protection.

Now many mayors and local politicians have been urging protesters to get COVID-19 testing in their neighborhoods to protect themselves and their loved ones. Some health experts say being outdoors shouldn’t accelerate the spread.

“The outdoor air dilutes the virus and reduces the infectious dose that might be out there, and if there are breezes blowing, that further dilutes the virus in the air,” Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease expert at Vanderbilt University told The New York Times. “There was literally a lot of running around, which means they’re exhaling more profoundly, but also passing each other very quickly.”

Others are worried about how marches attract so many people and the virus is still very contagious from person-to-person contact.

“Yes, the protests are outside, but they are all really close to each other, and in those cases, being outside doesn’t protect you nearly as much,” Dr. Markel said to The New York Times. “Public gatherings are public gatherings—it doesn’t matter what you’re protesting or cheering. That’s one reason we’re not having large baseball games and may not have college football this fall.”

 



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Sports Reporter Josina Anderson Reportedly Out at ESPN

Josina Anderson

NFL reporter and insider Josina Anderson will no longer be working at ESPN once her contract ends, according to The New York Post.

New York Post Sports writer Andrew Marchand reported the news on his Twitter account.

Marchand previously wrote about the expected news back in February 2020.

Anderson has been working at the sports network for 9 years. She was named ESPN’s first female NFL insider in 2015. Anderson became engulfed in controversy back in November for her report on the Myles Garrett-Mason Rudolph incident.

Marchand states, “She ran into trouble at times with ESPN executives. After the Myles Garrett incident in which the Browns defensive lineman hit Steelers quarterback Mason Rudolph with Rudolph’s helmet, Anderson tweeted, “I would bet Myles Garrett will say he heard Mason Rudolph call him something egregious. Never seen Garrett act like that, ever.”

“She also tweeted out an image in which she said Rudolph grabbed Garrett in a private area. She later apologized for it and said other angles proved her original tweet was incorrect.”

According to Marchand, ESPN veterans Field Yates, Jeremy Fowler, Dan Graziano, and Dianna Russini will help fill the void left by Anderson and the network’s newest reporter, Kimberley Martin, who just joined ESPN in March, coming from Yahoo Sports.

Anderson had made regular appearances on Sunday NFL Countdown, NFL Live, and SportsCenter. Before gaining employment at ESPN, she was a reporter for 6 years with Fox 31 in Denver. She also ran track as a student-athlete at the University of North Carolina.



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Mark Zuckerberg Believes Only in Mark Zuckerberg

Why is he abetting Trump while civil rights leaders and his own employees rebuke him? It's about dominance.

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Protest Photography Safety Tips: Dos and Don'ts, How to Blur Faces, Essential Gear

Here's our guide to taking photos safely at a protest, what not to do, what gear to bring, and how to remove location data and blur faces before uploading to social media.

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SA court rules lockdown restrictions 'irrational'

Rules around funerals, informal workers and exercise were judged as unconnected to stopping the virus.

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Tuesday, June 2, 2020

Bank of America pledges $1B to ending racial, economic inequality

Bank of America has announced that it is committing $1 billion to fight racial and economic inequality, pointing to recent civil unrest over racism in the country as its impetus for the major move.

“The events of the past week have created a sense of true urgency that has arisen across our nation, particularly in view of the racial injustices we have seen in the communities where we work and live,” said Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan.

“We all need to do more.”

READ MORE: Jay-Z takes out full-page ads across the country in dedication to George Floyd

Brian Moynihan speaks onstage at Women’s Forum Of New York Breakfast Of Corporate Champions on November 07, 2019 in New York City. (Photo by Monica Schipper/Getty Images for Women’s Forum of New York)

In addition to the recent events regarding racial violence in America, Moynihan emphasized the economic and social disparities for communities of color that were only magnified by the coronavirus pandemic.

The $1 billion will come in the form of a 4-year commitment to support local communities in addressing economic and racial inequality. The bank said those funds will exclusively go toward people and communities of color that have been disproportionately impacted by the health crisis.

Some of the areas of focus will be on testing and other health services, partnerships with historically Black colleges and universities, research programs and supporting minority-owned businesses.

Bank of America’s move comes after more than a week of civil unrest across the nation over the fatal shootings of Ahmaud Arbery in Georgia, Breonna Taylor in Kentucky and George Floyd in Minnesota. Demonstrations in dozens of cities have at times turned violent, as protesters and law enforcement officers clashed in horrific scenes.

READ MORE: Details for George Floyd’s funeral, memorial services released

Other leaders in the banking industry have also spoken out amid the national crisis. Last, week, according to Reuters, Citigroup CFO Mark Mason, one of few Black executives on Wall Street, said he was filled with “horror, disgust and anger” over the police killing of Floyd.

The leaders of two other big banks, JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo, also denounced racism and discrimination in statements of their own. The outrage was also felt from banks across the border in neighboring Canada.

While it may be the most sizable contribution toward such a cause from one of America’s largest financial institutions, it is not the only monetary gift from a big bank to help combat structural inequality.

Goldman Sachs committed $300 million to support communities and small businesses in April, Reuters reported, while JPMorgan pledged $50 million to address public health and economic challenges caused by the pandemic.

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Appeals court restores some claims in 2011 White Plains police shooting of veteran

When veteran and longtime retired corrections officer Kenneth Chamberlain, Sr. triggered his medical alert pendant accidentally in 2011, police showed up as they were supposed to do. But that was the last thing that went right that night.

READ MORE: Details for George Floyd’s funeral, memorial services released

Instead of helping him, White Plains, N.Y. police officers killed Chamberlain in his own home. Although he told the medical alert operator he didn’t need help, after a 90-minute standoff, Chamberlain’s door was broken down.

Chamberlain, 68, was bipolar, reported The New York Times.  After officers— who it was proven on audio called him a racial slur— tased him and used beanbag rounds on him, it is alleged that Chamberlain lunged at one with a knife and was shot and killed. DNA evidence contradicts that explanation, showing he was unarmed, according to The New York Daily News. 

(Kenneth Chamberlain Sr., U.S. Marine Corps)

 

Despite Chamberlain saying he was fine and the medical alert company attempting to cancel the call, police insisted on coming to his apartment in person. He had diagnosed mental issues, and the Times says, police had been called there before.

But initial police reports omitted one of the officer’s use of the ‘n’ word and that police had initially responded to a medical emergency call, according to Democracy Now!

In 2012, the officer who fired the fatal shot, Anthony Carelli, was not indicted after a grand jury investigation.

But Chamberlain’s son, Kenneth Jr., has sought justice for his father ever since. He co-founded the Westchester Coalition for Police Reform, which sought to change departmental policies, especially those when dealing with the mentally ill. He sued the White Plains police and the city for $21M in a wrongful death suit. In 2016, a judge ruled against him, saying neither the city nor the police were liable.

This week, a judge restored some of the suit on appeal, restoring the claims of unlawful entry and non-lethal excessive force, reports the Rockland/Westchester Journal News

Though Carelli’s lawyer says his client is still not culpable in the case as he was found not to be so in 2017, Chamberlain Jr.’s lawyer will argue that he should still be held liable for his role in the shooting.

“Overjoyed is an understatement,” Kenneth  Jr. said after the ruling. “The appeals court has confirmed what we knew all along: That they violated my father’s 4th Amendment rights.”

He says that the ruling coming as protestors fought for justice in the George Floyd killing prove that the “extrajudicial killings and summary executions” have created a pandemic of racism “just like COVID-19.”

His advice to families who have dealt with similar situations is simple.

READ MORE: Benjamin Crump says other officers ‘will be charged’ in George Floyd death

“Don’t give up. Stay the course. Continue to fight,” he told the Rockland/Westchester Journal-News. “Because justice delayed is not justice denied.”


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Drake donates $100K to bail out Black mothers and caregivers

Drake donated $100,000 to National Bail Out, a collective tasked with helping to bail out Black mothers and caregivers during the coronavirus pandemic.

The generous gesture was prompted by Mustafa the Poet who donated $400 to the cause and tagged his fellow Torontonians, Drake and The Weeknd, to do the same. “Swipe up & match my donation, but add 3 zeros! Let’s help reunite Black families.”

Drake theGrio.com
INDIO, CA – APRIL 12: Rapper Drake performs onstage during day 3 of the 2015 Coachella Valley Music & Arts Festival (Weekend 1) at the Empire Polo Club (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images for Coachella)

Mustafa the Poet later tweeted a receipt for the donation showing $100,000 charged to an American Express. In the DM exchange posted on Twitter, Drake said that the large donation was flagged by his credit card as fraud, but he was able to verify the charge.

READ MORE: Black community torn over #BlackOutTuesday campaign

For years, the National Bail Out has coordinated “Mama’s Day Bail Outs,” using donations to bail Black mothers out of jail. The collective works with groups across the country to provide fellowship and employment opportunities for the mothers and create a network of community leaders.

During the coronavirus pandemic, prisoners have been particularly vulnerable to the transmission of the virus. The National Bail Out collective posted on Twitter that they have bailed out nearly 70 women amid the pandemic. Each woman receives, “personal protective equipment, food, and sustainable housing” to ensure that she can safely shelter in place.

The organization has not commented on the donation as of the time of publishing.

Drake had been previously called out on social media for his relative silence during the civil unrest in the United States in the wake of the police killing of George Floyd. The gesture may earn him goodwill with fans.

“They asked Drake to match $400,” one viral tweet read, “He said ‘hold my Prosecco.’

Another tweet showed a thank you to The Weeknd who made a $200,000 donation to the Know Your Rights Camp founded by Colin Kaepernick.

READ MORE: Jay-Z takes out full-page ads across the country in dedication to George Floyd

The rapper also took to Instagram to participate in the #BlackOutTuesday in support of Floyd. The music industry declared that they were going to “turn off the music” on Tuesday in an effort to reflect and inspire change amid nationwide protesting over the deaths of Floyd, Breonna TaylorAhmaud Arbery, and other Black people who have been killed or terrorized.

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Side by side.

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Biden calls out Trump’s lack of leadership: ‘I won’t fan the flames of hate’

After months in self-imposed quarantine, former Vice President Joe Biden spoke out about the racial tensions taking over American cities and called out President Donald Trump for spitting out rhetoric that he believes is meant to divide this nation even further.

Biden delivered a speech from Philadelphia City Hall on Tuesday in which he highlighted how the president’s words and actions during an ongoing pandemic and protests sparked by the death of George Floyd, only made a precarious situation much worse than it needed to be.

Former Vice President Joe Biden, sided by Dr. Jill Biden delivers remarks at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, PA on March 10, 2020. (Photo by Bastiaan Slabbers/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

READ MORE: Biden meets with Black leaders at local church amid unrest

“Look where we are now and think anew: Is this who we are? Is this who we want to be? Is this who we want to pass on to our children and our grandchildren? Fear. Anger. Finger-pointing rather than the pursuit of happiness? Or do we want to be the America we know we could be?” Biden asked.

These sentiments echo his campaign theme of “restoring the soul of this nation.” In that spirit, Biden also chastised Trump for his controversial Rose Garden address on Monday, in which he outlined his administration’s military response to the protests.

 

READ MORE: Joe Biden spoke to George Floyd’s family, calls death ‘act of brutality’

“The president held up the Bible at St John’s Church yesterday. I just wish he opened it once in a while, instead of brandishing it,” Biden said. “If he opened it, he could have learned something that we’re all called to love one another as we love ourselves. It’s really hard work. But it’s the work of America. Donald Trump isn’t interested in doing that work.”

“In addition to the Bible, he might also want to open the U.S. Constitution,” he continued. “If he did, he’d find the First Amendment.”

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Counting your antigens

Normally, the immune system is able to differentiate between healthy and abnormal cells. Peptides, fragments created by the synthesis and breakdown of proteins inside each cell, are presented on the surface as antigens and act as signals to immune cells whether the cell should be left alone or flagged for destruction and removal.

Because cancer cells display a small number of tumor-associated antigens and antigens that result from genetic mutations, they can be targeted by the immune system. However, cancer cells can develop strategies for evading detection by the immune system. Cancer immunotherapies counteract those strategies, but only for some cancers and only in some patients. Those that do work produce powerful results.

Researchers and clinicians are exploring how to improve the success rate of immunotherapies for more cancer types and patients. In this effort, they are combining immunotherapies with targeted therapies, small molecules designed to inhibit selected protein targets in the cell. To design effective combinations, a better understanding of how targeted therapies change the immunopeptidome — the repertoire of surface-presenting peptide antigens — is needed.

A team of researchers including Koch Institute members Forest White, the Ned C. and Janet Bemis Rice Professor and member of the MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, and Douglas Lauffenburger, Ford Professor of Biological Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Biology, developed a technique for accurately quantifying changes in the immunopeptidome.

In a study led by graduate student Lauren Stopfer and appearing in Nature Communications, researchers used the platform to analyze the effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors, a class of known anticancer agents, on the immunopeptidome of melanoma cell lines. In addition to identifying  potential antigen targets for drug development, their results highlighted the potential of CDK4/6 inhibitors to make an effective partner for certain kinds of immunotherapies. Ultimately, the platform could help cancer researchers design new targeted drugs and immunotherapies or clinical trials for combinations of these types of therapies.

High-quality quantification

Currently, in order to examine how a cell changes its immunopeptidome in response to exposure to a drug or other perturbation, researchers perform a technique known as mass spectrometry to quantify the foldchange, or relative change in magnitude between subsequent measurements, of the expression of peptide antigens. However, most current mass spectrometry-based methods do not provide a complete — or even reliably accurate — picture of immunopeptidome dynamics.

The process of preparing a sample for mass spectrometry analysis can result in substantial losses of antigens. In isolating the relatively small number of antigen peptides from the entire contents of cells, there can be significant variation in the proportion of peptide antigens recovered from sample to sample or from peptide to peptide. Existing methods for accounting for how many antigens are lost are laborious and have limited effectiveness.

Foldchange alone does not indicate the magnitude of a change in peptide antigen levels. For example, a three-fold increase in antigens may mean an increase from 10 to 30 antigens, or it may mean an increase of 1,000 to 3,000. Because different drugs require different antigens to be present at different quantities in order to be effective, an accurate count of the change in antigen is needed to identify drugs that elicit the optimal response in the cell. Furthermore, the measurement may be undermined by underlying “noise” in the sample — data that can cloud the relative proportion of observable “signal” produced by the antigen of interest.

“People will say that you need a certain number of a peptide antigen in order for an immunotherapy to work, but, right now, that number is typically based on anecdotal evidence,” says White. “To make truly informed decisions about immunotherapy options, there needs to be a way to quantify antigens very accurately and very reliably.”

The new platform enables the accurate quantification of peptide antigens presented at the cell surface, accounting for variation in sample processing and giving an absolute number of detectable peptides. Using a widely available ultraviolet light-based technology, the method inserts peptides loaded with heavy isotopes into genetically engineered versions of the molecules that present the antigens on the cell surface, class I major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). The labeled peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes are then added to samples of the contents of whole cells. When the antigen peptides are extracted, the heavy isotope labeled peptides can be used to account for how many antigens have been lost to processing.

To determine how many of a specific antigen are presented on cells, heavy isotope labeled pMHCs can be added to samples of cell contents at different concentrations. The resulting standard curve, or graph, can be used to extrapolate the number of peptide antigens.

Making antigens count

The researchers used the new platform to quantify how CDK4/6 inhibitors change the repertoire of antigens presented on the surface of melanoma cells.

Melanoma can be treated effectively with a class of immunotherapy called immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors, but as many as 40 percent of patients do not respond to these therapies. Recent studies have suggested that checkpoint blockade immunotherapies may be more effective in more patients when combined with other anticancer agents, particularly those that stimulate an immune response, such as CDK4/6 inhibitors. CDK4/6 inhibitors are thought to strengthen the immune system’s response to cancer in part by increasing expression of MHCs, thereby rendering cancer cells more visible to the immune system.

Researchers profiled peptide antigen repertoires in four cell lines of melanoma treated with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib at low and high doses, finding that low doses of the palbociclib resulted in a larger increase of MHC presentation than the higher-dose therapy. At lower doses, the immunopeptidome showed increases in tumor-associated peptide antigens derived from intracellular pathways known to be affected by the inhibition of CDK4 and CDK6. These results add to a growing body of evidence that CDK4/6 could be used together with checkpoint blockade to increase the immune system’s ability to respond to tumors, and suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors and other treatments like them could be used to tune which peptides are presented to the immune system.

The researchers were also able to identify an antigen, a serine-phosphorylated IRS2 peptide, that occurs exclusively in malignant tumors. They found that it was expressed at high levels, demonstrating that the platform could also be used to help cancer researchers identify immunotherapy targets.

Because of its sensitivity and speed, the new platform could be used in the clinic to develop treatment strategies on a patient-specific basis. The multiplexed platform can analyze many samples in tandem, allowing for the short time scale critical to clinical trials. Its sensitivity allows it to be used on small samples, including samples from individual patients’ tumors. Analysis of peptide antigen repertoire changes could be used to optimize the order and timing of therapies for the greatest impact, in addition to calibrating cancer cells’ antigen presentation for targeting by immunotherapies.

“One of the most promising applications for this tool is to better understand how much of some of these peptide antigen targets are presented, not just on cell lines, but in real tumors,” says Stopfer. “Knowing how much antigen is present in tumor cells could inform what kind of therapies we develop and our ability to make informed decisions about immunotherapy options.”

The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health, a Melanoma Research Alliance Team Science Award, the MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, the Koch Institute Frontier Research Program through the Kathy and Curt Marble Cancer Research Fund, and the Takeda Pharmaceuticals Immune Oncology Research Fund.



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Exclusive: New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell Has Plans to Restore and Uplift the Community Amid COVID-19

New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell

Elected officials around the nation are working to reopen cities safely amid COVID-19. While the process has been delayed by the continuous spread of the virus, leaders are sharing their plans to get their cities back up and running. New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell is working around the clock to keep people healthy, help business owners open their doors, and serve the community.

Since being elected in 2018, Mayor Cantrell has launched a number of initiatives to restore and uplift the city. One of those initiatives is Forward Together New Orleans (FTNO), a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization. Since the founding of the organization, the nonprofit has served as a bridge between the public and private sectors to address New Orleans’ most pressing challenges. More recently, she and FTNO partnered with Cash Money Records to pay June rents for low-income residents living in subsidized housing.

In an email interview, BLACK ENTERPRISE touched base with Mayor Cantrell about her efforts and initiatives as a leader.

Overcoming COVID-19

NOLA has been hit hard by COVID-19. What has the city been doing to overcome some of the perils of the virus under your leadership?

New Orleans was at the forefront of this crisis, and our communities were disproportionately impacted by the fatalities. Over the past two months, New Orleans has gone from one of the cities with the highest rates per capita to a leader in recovery. New Orleans and the State of Louisiana are showing the world how to get through this. From day one, we took action that has set a foundation for our trajectory forward. Our city has become a world leader in testing residents.

We are testing at a higher rate than nearly anywhere in the country, and even some countries as a whole, and we are positioned to keep that going. We have stood up drive-thru testing and mobile testing sites in a matter of days. Testing has been one part of our response. We have flattened the curve—with proactive movement and messaging to unite the City in the need to decrease cases and fatalities. We are now working on contact tracing to get a better sense of who is getting infected, as well as how and where. New Orleans residents should be proud of what we’ve accomplished together in two months.

Opening Up Shop In New Orleans

What are some of your plans for NOLA residents and small businesses as the city opens back up?

Currently, we are in Phase One of our reopening, which we have named “Safest at Home.” We are taking a cautious and intentional approach to our city. Each phase will begin to ease the restrictions on our people and businesses but will be done in a way so that we do not go backward. Our response has been guided by one operating principle for two months into this effort: We will focus on data and not on an arbitrary date. For our business owners and to all, there is not an either/or decision between economic health and public health. Without public health, economic activity is not possible.

What impact will Cash Money’s contribution to your efforts have on New Orleans residents?

In years to come, when we look back on how our city came together to get through the coronavirus crisis, we will have a great example of leadership and community from the Williams brothers and Cash Money Records. No one should have to fear losing their home while trying to protect their health. Just as we took action and quickly banned evictions in our city during the COVID-19 crisis, this will help us continue on that path.

As people give back to the community, in what ways do you hope it inspires NOLA residents to keep going?

This donation demonstrates how we can come together as businesses, government, and nonprofits to address our residents’ most pressing needs now. No one person or entity can get through this alone, and we all have to be in this together. Our people are so resilient, and when they are put to a challenge like this, we see people rise to the occasion. I am confident that our city will be stronger, improved, and more resilient as we come out of this crisis.

What charge do you have for people to stay safe?

Follow the guidelines for your safety and the safety of others. Do not let up and stay the course. We do not want to endure another and worse wave of this pandemic. 

To learn more about how COVID-19 is impacting the black community, click here.



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Former President Barack Obama Discusses the Killing of George Floyd

Barack Obama

Former President Barack Obama shared his thought on the killing of George Floyd and the protests that are taking place across the country.

According to BET, the former Commander-in-Chief discussed the frustrations of people he spoke to are feeling and noted that the incidents must be looked at with an open mind and an open heart.

“I want to share parts of the conversations I’ve had with friends over the past couple days about the footage of George Floyd dying face down on the street under the knee of a police officer in Minnesota,” Obama wrote on Twitter.

Obama, who gave a national commencement address two weeks ago,  went on to share an email he received from a middle-aged African American businessman.

“Dude I gotta tell you the George Floyd incident in Minnesota hurt. I cried when I saw that video. It broke me down. The ‘knee on the neck’ is a metaphor for how the system so cavalierly holds Black folks down, ignoring the cries for help. People don’t care. Truly tragic,” the email read.

The president also shared a song by 12-year-old Keedron Bryant, expressing his anger.

“The circumstances of my friend and Keedron may be different, but their anguish is the same. It’s shared by me and millions of others.” Obama wrote.

“It’s natural to wish for life “to just get back to normal” as a pandemic and economic crisis upend everything around us. But we have to remember that for millions of Americans, being treated differently on account of race is tragically, painfully, maddeningly “normal”—whether it’s while dealing with the health care system, or interacting with the criminal justice system, or jogging down the street, or just watching birds in a park.”

Obama added that these incidents and protests cannot be considered normal and that real change is needed.

“This shouldn’t be “normal” in 2020 America. It can’t be “normal.” If we want our children to grow up in a nation that lives up to its highest ideals, we can and must be better.

“It will fall mainly on the officials of Minnesota to ensure that the circumstances surrounding George Floyd’s death are investigated thoroughly and that justice is ultimately done. But it falls on all of us, regardless of our race or station—including the men and women in law enforcement who take pride in doing their tough job the right way, every day—to work together to create a “new normal” in which the legacy of bigotry and unequal treatment no longer infects our institutions or our hearts.”

Earlier in May, Obama criticized the Trump administration for its handling of the coronavirus pandemic.



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How to Sync and Access Your Data Across Devices (2020)

Here's how to open all your files—so you can switch between your phone and laptop seamlessly.

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The WIRED Coronavirus Glossary

Too many Covid-19 buzzwords? Here’s what they all mean.

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Rigorous Hand-Washing Will Be Part of Covid-19's New Normal

The simplest hygiene tasks are the toughest to maintain—take it from the health care experts who have advice about how to make the habit stick.

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Monalisa Sibanda: Boxing to protect women from domestic violence

Monalisa started boxing after her mother died as a result of domestic violence.

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More Students Are ‘Stacking’ Credentials en Route to a Degree

With record numbers of Americans jobless, some are turning to nontraditional programs that offer rewards for completing short courses on specific skills.

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Nigerian reggae musician Majek Fashek dies at 57

The artist popular for hits in the 1980s and 1990s died in his sleep in New York, his manager said.

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Monday, June 1, 2020

Biden’s VP pick may be impacted by nationwide protests

Joe Biden, the presumptive Democratic nominee for president has been pushed by his supporters to nominate a Black, female candidate to join him on the ticket. As names like Sen. Kamala Harris, Stacey Abrams, Florida Rep. Val Demings have been mentioned in that role, so has Minnesota senator Amy Klobuchar.

READ MORE: Stacey Abrams is nobody’s Sarah Palin. Put some respect on her name

Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar/Getty Images

But in the wake of widescale protests since the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis, all of the women whose backgrounds include law enforcement in some area, except for Abrams, are now viewed as potential liabilities to the campaign.

Politico reports that Klobuchar’s record, in particular, has come under scrutiny. She was the Minneapolis-area prosecutor from 1996-2006 who had a reputation for being tough on crime.

READ MORE: Minneapolis police used neck restraints that rendered 44 suspects unconscious since 2015 

In 2006, while she was running for the Senate office she now holds, Derek Chauvin was involved in an officer-involved shooting. Though Klobuchar had left her office as a prosecutor by then, she is still bearing the brunt of criticism for her overall record.

“There is a direct line of culpability between Klobuchar and this officer who lynched a man,” LaTosha Brown, co-founder of the group Black Voters Matter told Politico.

Harris and Demings, who ran the Orlando police department from 2007-2011 and is gaining more of a national profile, don’t have as troubling records. But Harris, who is the former California attorney general, has been criticized for some of the things she’s done as a prosecutor.

Kamala Harris
Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris speaks during a rally at Aiken High School in Aiken, S.C. Saturday, Oct. 19, 2019. (Michael Holahan/The Augusta Chronicle via AP)

However, most political experts don’t believe that either of them has as difficult a path to a potential VP slot as Klobuchar, given the protests sweeping the country after Floyd’s death.

“Kamala has had some questionable cases, but not to the degree of Amy,” Sharpton told Politico. “If I were to list them, I would say Val is the least affected, and Amy is the most challenged by it.”

Though no one has spoken openly about Biden’s decision making or who may be atop his list, Klobuchar says she’s not taking herself out of the running.

READ MORE: Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar declined to charge cop who killed George Floyd in previous cases

She told Andrea Mitchell on her eponymous MSNBC show last week that she was staying in the race.

Have you subscribed to theGrio’s new podcast “Dear Culture”? Download our newest episodes now!

 

The post Biden’s VP pick may be impacted by nationwide protests appeared first on TheGrio.



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